Sleep-hygiene

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

## 
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library(tidyverse)

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## ✓ tidyr   1.1.3     ✓ stringr 1.4.0
## ✓ readr   1.4.0     ✓ forcats 0.5.1

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library(arsenal)
library(data.table)

## 
## Attaching package: 'data.table'

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##     transpose

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sleephygiene <- read_csv("/Users/Ivanics/Desktop/SPH/3rd term/Health Communication Programs I/Stats/Sleep Hygiene Survey_March 10, 2021_19.38 2.csv")

## Warning: Duplicated column names deduplicated: 'Q37' => 'Q37_1' [64]

## 
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## cols(
##   .default = col_character()
## )
## ℹ Use `spec()` for the full column specifications.

sleephygiene$StartDate <- lubridate::ymd_hms(sleephygiene$StartDate)

## Warning: 2 failed to parse.

#Filter to include only responses beyond this time
sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% filter(StartDate >= "2021-03-09 18:00:00")

#Select out the variables we need
sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% select(Progress, `Duration (in seconds)`, Finished, LocationLatitude, LocationLongitude, DistributionChannel, UserLanguage, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q2_5_TEXT, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q37, Q38, Q39, Q7, Q8, Q8_3_TEXT, Q10, Q11, Q9, Q13, Q13, Q14_10, Q14_11, Q15, Q16_4, Q16_5, Q49, Q42, Q42_10_TEXT, Q19, Q17_NPS_GROUP, Q17, Q36, Q36_6_TEXT, Q18, Q20, Q9, Q13, Q14_10, Q14_11, Q15, Q16_4, Q16_5, Q49, Q42, Q42_10_TEXT, Q19, Q12_1, Q17_NPS_GROUP, Q17, Q36, Q36_6_TEXT, Q18, Q20, Q44_1, Q44_2, Q44_3, Q44_4, Q44_5, Q44_6, Q44_7, Q44_8, Q44_9, Q59_1, Q59_2, Q59_2, Q59_3, Q59_4, Q37_1, Q33, Q50_1, Q50_2, Q50_3, Q50_4, Q50_5, Q50_6, Q50_7, Q53_1, Q53_2, Q53_3, Q53_4, Q53_5, Q48, Q48_5_TEXT, Q52, `Q5 - Topics`, `Q5 - Parent Topics`)

sleephygiene <- rowid_to_column(sleephygiene, "ID")

#Variable 14
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours <- sub(":.*", "", sleephygiene$Q14_10)
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours <- ifelse(nchar(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)==3, (str_extract(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours, "^\\d{1}")), sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours <- ifelse(nchar(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)==4, (str_extract(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours, "^\\d{1}")), sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_minutes <- str_extract(sleephygiene$Q14_10, "(?<=:)[0-9]*")
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_minutes <- ifelse(is.na(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_minutes) & !is.na(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours), "00", sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_minutes)
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours <- as.numeric(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_minutes <- ifelse(grepl("[0-9]+", sleephygiene$Q14_11), sleephygiene$Q14_11, sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_minutes) 
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours <- ifelse(grepl("[pP][mM]", sleephygiene$Q14_11), sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours+12, sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours <- as.character(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)

#Variable 16
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- sub(":.*", "", sleephygiene$Q16_4)
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- ifelse(nchar(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)==3, (str_extract(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours, "^\\d{1}")), sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- ifelse(nchar(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)==4, (str_extract(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours, "^\\d{1}")), sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes <- str_extract(sleephygiene$Q16_5, "(?<=:)[0-9]*")
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes <- ifelse(is.na(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes) & !is.na(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours), "00", sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes)
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- as.numeric(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes <- ifelse(grepl("[0-9]+", sleephygiene$Q16_5), sleephygiene$Q16_5, sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes) 
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- ifelse(grepl("[pP][mM]", sleephygiene$Q16_5), sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours+12, sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- as.character(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)

#Create a sleeptime and wakeup variable
sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% 
  mutate(Q14_wakeuptime = 
           case_when(!is.na(Q14_10_new_hours) ~ paste0(Q14_10_new_hours,":",Q14_10_new_minutes),
                     TRUE ~ NA_character_)) %>%
  mutate(Q16_sleeptime =
           case_when(!is.na(Q16_4_new_hours) ~ paste0(Q16_4_new_hours,":",Q16_4_new_minutes),
                     TRUE ~ NA_character_))

sleephygiene$Q14_wakeuptime <- as.POSIXct(sleephygiene$Q14_wakeuptime, format="%H:%M")
sleephygiene$Q16_sleeptime <- as.POSIXct(sleephygiene$Q16_sleeptime, format="%H:%M")

#General factor recoding
sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% mutate(
  Q1_consent = factor(Q1)) %>%
  mutate(Q2_program = factor(Q2)) %>%
  mutate(Q3_role = factor(Q3)) %>%
  mutate(Q4_gender = factor(Q4)) %>%
  mutate(Q5_age = as.numeric(Q5)) %>%
  mutate(Q6_numberinhousehold = as.numeric(Q6)) %>%
  mutate(Q37_employed = factor(Q37)) %>%
  mutate(Q38_wfh = factor(Q38)) %>%
  mutate(Q39_dayornight = factor(Q39)) %>%
  mutate(Q7_children = factor(Q7)) %>%
  mutate(Q8_diagnosis = factor(Q8)) %>%
  mutate(Q10_workdayhoursofsleep = as.numeric(Q10)) %>%
  mutate(Q11_weekendhoursofsleep = as.numeric(Q11)) %>%
  mutate(Q9_howoftensleepy = factor(Q9)) %>%
  mutate(Q13_consistentwakeup = factor(Q13)) %>%
  mutate(Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays = factor(Q15)) %>%
  mutate(Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid = factor(Q49)) %>%
  mutate(Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness = factor(Q18)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep = factor(Q44_1)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome = factor(Q44_2)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine = factor(Q44_3)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance = factor(Q44_4)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy = factor(Q44_5)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep = factor(Q44_6)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep = factor(Q44_7)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep = factor(Q44_8)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality = factor(Q44_9)) %>%
  mutate(Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits = factor(Q59_1)) %>%
  mutate(Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep = factor(Q59_2)) %>%
  mutate(Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly = factor(Q59_3)) %>%
  mutate(Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed = factor(Q59_4)) %>%
  mutate(Q37_whatdoyouconsideragoodnightssleep = factor(Q37))

#Q19
sleephygiene$Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen <- str_extract(sleephygiene$Q19, '\\d+')

#Q12
sleephygiene$Q12_1_howmanynightsusescreen <- as.numeric(sleephygiene$Q12_1)

#Q17
sleephygiene$Q17_stressedaboutschool <- as.numeric(sleephygiene$Q17) 

#Q33
#Come back to this one because some are given as a range
sleephygiene$Q33_whatisthrecommendednumbersofhoursofsleep <- str_extract(sleephygiene$Q33, '\\d+')
sleephygiene$Q33_whatisthrecommendednumbersofhoursofsleep <- as.numeric(sleephygiene$Q33_whatisthrecommendednumbersofhoursofsleep)

#Q50
sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% 
  mutate(Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites = as.numeric(Q50_1)) %>%
  mutate(Q50_2_attractivness = as.numeric(Q50_2)) %>%
  mutate(Q50_3_productivity = as.numeric(Q50_3)) %>%
  mutate(Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals = as.numeric(Q50_4)) %>%
  mutate(Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing = as.numeric(Q50_5)) %>%
  mutate(Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships = as.numeric(Q50_6)) %>%
  mutate(Q50_7_caringforchildren = as.numeric(Q50_7))

#Q53
sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% 
  mutate(Q53_1_getoutsidefor10mininthemorning = as.numeric(Q53_1)) %>%
  mutate(Q53_2_exerciseduringtheday = as.numeric(Q53_2)) %>%
  mutate(Q53_3_doingabreathingexercisebeforesleep = as.numeric(Q53_3)) %>%
  mutate(Q53_4_notusescreens = as.numeric(Q53_4)) %>%
  mutate(Q53_5_listeningtoacalmingaudiobookorpodcast = as.numeric(Q53_5))

#Q42
resp.split_42 <- strsplit(sleephygiene$Q42, ",")
lev <- unique(unlist(resp.split_42))
sleephygiene<- with(sleephygiene, data.frame(sleephygiene, t(sapply(resp.split_42, function(x) table(factor(x, levels=lev))))))

sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>%
    mutate(bedtimeroutine = case_when(
    Washing.my.face == 1 ~ "Washing my face",
    Brushing.teeth == 1 ~ "Brushing teeth",
    Showering == 1 ~ "Showering",
    Reading == 1 ~ "Reading",
    Journaling == 1 ~ "Journaling",
    Meditating == 1 ~ "Meditating",
    Watching.TV == 1 ~ "Watching TV",
    Phone.Usage == 1 ~ "Phone usage",
    Listening.to.Music == 1 ~ "Listening to music",
    Other == 1 ~ "Other"))

#Q36
resp.split_36 <- strsplit(sleephygiene$Q36, ",")
lev <- unique(unlist(resp.split_36))
sleephygiene<- with(sleephygiene, data.frame(sleephygiene, t(sapply(resp.split_36, function(x) table(factor(x, levels=lev))))))

sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>%
    mutate(cantsleepfeeling = case_when(
    Guilty == 1 ~ "Guilty",
    Angry == 1 ~ "Angry",
    Frustrated == 1 ~ "Frustrated",
    Sad == 1 ~ "Sad",
    Stressed == 1 ~ "Stressed",
    None.of.the.above == 1 ~ "None of the above",
    Other.1 == 1 ~ "Other"))

#Q20
resp.split_20 <- strsplit(sleephygiene$Q20, ",")
lev <- unique(unlist(resp.split_20))
sleephygiene<- with(sleephygiene, data.frame(sleephygiene, t(sapply(resp.split_20, function(x) table(factor(x, levels=lev))))))

sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>%
    mutate(behaviors = case_when(
    Cigarette.Smoking == 1 ~ "Cigarette smoking",
    Alcohol.Consumption == 1 ~ "Alcohol Consumption",
    Exercise == 1 ~ "Exercise",
    Social.Media.Use == 1 ~ "Social Media Use",
    Daytime.Napping == 1 ~ "Daytime napping",
    Drinking.Caffeinated.beverages == 1 ~ "Drinking Caffeinated beverages",
    Using.Sleep.Aids..ex..melatonin == 1 ~ "Using Sleep Aids ex. melatonin"))

#48
resp.split_48 <- strsplit(sleephygiene$Q48, ",")
lev <- unique(unlist(resp.split_48))
sleephygiene<- with(sleephygiene, data.frame(sleephygiene, t(sapply(resp.split_48, function(x) table(factor(x, levels=lev))))))

sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>%
    mutate(information = case_when(
    Health.care.professional == 1 ~ "Health care professional",
    Social.media == 1 ~ "Social media",
    Other.online.source == 1 ~ "Other online source",
    News.sources == 1 ~ "News sources",
    Friends == 1 ~ "Friends",
    University.wellbeing.resources..Office.of.Wellness.and.Health.Promotion == 1 ~ "University.wellbeing.resources..Office.of.Wellness.and.Health.Promotion"))

Plots for wakeup and sleep times

ggplot(data=sleephygiene, aes(y=Q14_wakeuptime,x=ID)) + 
  geom_point() +
  theme_test()#+

## Warning: Removed 12 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

  #xlim(as.POSIXct(c("2021-03-10 05:00:00", "2021-03-10 12:00:00")))

#Plot for sleeptime
ggplot(data=sleephygiene, aes(y=Q16_sleeptime,x=ID)) + 
  geom_point() +
  theme_test()

## Warning: Removed 22 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

#Tab 1
attach(sleephygiene)
tab1 <- tableby(~ Q3_role + 
                  Q4_gender +
                  Q5_age +
                  Q6_numberinhousehold +
                  Q37_employed +
                  Q8_diagnosis +
                  Q10_workdayhoursofsleep +
                  Q11_weekendhoursofsleep +
                  Q9_howoftensleepy,
                data=sleephygiene, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	Overall (N=41)
Q3_role
N-Miss	1
Faculty/Staff Member	1 (2.5%)
Full-time student	39 (97.5%)
Q4_gender
N-Miss	1
Female	35 (87.5%)
Male	3 (7.5%)
Non-binary / third gender	2 (5.0%)
Q5_age
Median (Q1, Q3)	28.00 (24.00, 30.00)
Q6_numberinhousehold
Median (Q1, Q3)	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)
Q37_employed
N-Miss	1
No	25 (62.5%)
Yes	15 (37.5%)
Q8_diagnosis
N-Miss	1
Insomnia	1 (2.5%)
No	38 (95.0%)
Sleep Apnea	1 (2.5%)
Q10_workdayhoursofsleep
Median (Q1, Q3)	7.00 (6.00, 8.00)
Q11_weekendhoursofsleep
Median (Q1, Q3)	8.00 (7.00, 9.00)
Q9_howoftensleepy
N-Miss	1
Always	1 (2.5%)
Rarely	7 (17.5%)
Sometimes	23 (57.5%)
Very Often	9 (22.5%)

#If student
student <- sleephygiene %>% filter(Q3_role != "Faculty/Staff Member")

tab1 <- tableby(~ Q2_program,
                data=student, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	Overall (N=39)
Q2_program
Doctoral Student	17 (43.6%)
Masters Student	21 (53.8%)
Post doctoral student	1 (2.6%)

#If employed 
employed <- sleephygiene %>% filter(Q37_employed == "Yes")

tab1 <- tableby(~ Q38_wfh,
                data=employed, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	Overall (N=15)
Q38_wfh
No	3 (20.0%)
Yes	12 (80.0%)

#If wfh
notworkfromhome <- sleephygiene %>% filter(Q37_employed == "Yes" & Q38_wfh == "No")

tab1 <- tableby(~ Q39_dayornight,
                data=notworkfromhome, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	Overall (N=3)
Q39_dayornight
Day shift	2 (66.7%)
Night shift	1 (33.3%)

tab1 <- tableby(~ Q13_consistentwakeup + 
                  Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays +
                  Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid +
                  bedtimeroutine +
                  Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen +
                  Q12_1_howmanynightsusescreen +
                  Q17_stressedaboutschool +
                  cantsleepfeeling +
                  Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness +
                  behaviors +
                  Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep +
                  Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome +
                  Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine +
                  Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance +
                  Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy +
                  Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep +
                  Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep +
                  Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep +
                  Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality +
                  Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits +
                  Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep +
                  Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly +
                  Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed +
                  Q37_whatdoyouconsideragoodnightssleep +
                  Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites +
                  Q50_2_attractivness +
                  Q50_3_productivity +
                  Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals +
                  Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing +
                  Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships +
                  Q50_7_caringforchildren +
                  Q53_1_getoutsidefor10mininthemorning +
                  Q53_2_exerciseduringtheday +
                  Q53_3_doingabreathingexercisebeforesleep +
                  Q53_4_notusescreens +
                  Q53_5_listeningtoacalmingaudiobookorpodcast +
                  information,
                data=sleephygiene, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 2. Sleep questions', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 2. Sleep questions

	Overall (N=41)
Q13_consistentwakeup
N-Miss	1
No	8 (20.0%)
Sometimes	3 (7.5%)
Yes	29 (72.5%)
Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays
N-Miss	1
No	7 (17.5%)
Sometimes	14 (35.0%)
Yes	19 (47.5%)
Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid
N-Miss	1
No	19 (47.5%)
Yes, I feel my sleep quality has improved	5 (12.5%)
Yes, I feel my sleep quality has worsened	16 (40.0%)
bedtimeroutine
N-Miss	1
Brushing teeth	11 (27.5%)
Phone usage	2 (5.0%)
Reading	1 (2.5%)
Washing my face	25 (62.5%)
Watching TV	1 (2.5%)
Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen
N-Miss	2
10	13 (33.3%)
11	1 (2.6%)
12	10 (25.6%)
13	1 (2.6%)
14	1 (2.6%)
15	1 (2.6%)
16	1 (2.6%)
17	1 (2.6%)
4	2 (5.1%)
6	2 (5.1%)
7	1 (2.6%)
8	2 (5.1%)
9	3 (7.7%)
Q12_1_howmanynightsusescreen
Median (Q1, Q3)	7.00 (6.00, 7.00)
Q17_stressedaboutschool
Median (Q1, Q3)	7.00 (6.00, 8.00)
cantsleepfeeling
N-Miss	1
Angry	1 (2.5%)
Frustrated	26 (65.0%)
Guilty	6 (15.0%)
None of the above	1 (2.5%)
Other	1 (2.5%)
Sad	1 (2.5%)
Stressed	4 (10.0%)
Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness
N-Miss	1
Always	1 (2.5%)
Never	8 (20.0%)
Rarely	14 (35.0%)
Sometimes	17 (42.5%)
behaviors
N-Miss	2
Alcohol Consumption	24 (61.5%)
Cigarette smoking	1 (2.6%)
Daytime napping	1 (2.6%)
Exercise	8 (20.5%)
Social Media Use	5 (12.8%)
Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep
N-Miss	1
Neither agree nor disagree	3 (7.5%)
Somewhat agree	18 (45.0%)
Somewhat disagree	4 (10.0%)
Strongly agree	12 (30.0%)
Strongly disagree	3 (7.5%)
Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome
N-Miss	1
Neither agree nor disagree	2 (5.0%)
Somewhat agree	4 (10.0%)
Strongly agree	33 (82.5%)
Strongly disagree	1 (2.5%)
Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine
N-Miss	1
Neither agree nor disagree	19 (47.5%)
Somewhat agree	9 (22.5%)
Somewhat disagree	7 (17.5%)
Strongly agree	1 (2.5%)
Strongly disagree	4 (10.0%)
Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance
N-Miss	1
Neither agree nor disagree	2 (5.0%)
Somewhat agree	20 (50.0%)
Somewhat disagree	1 (2.5%)
Strongly agree	16 (40.0%)
Strongly disagree	1 (2.5%)
Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy
N-Miss	1
Somewhat agree	13 (32.5%)
Strongly agree	27 (67.5%)
Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep
N-Miss	1
Neither agree nor disagree	5 (12.5%)
Somewhat agree	17 (42.5%)
Somewhat disagree	10 (25.0%)
Strongly agree	5 (12.5%)
Strongly disagree	3 (7.5%)
Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep
N-Miss	1
Neither agree nor disagree	8 (20.0%)
Somewhat agree	18 (45.0%)
Somewhat disagree	1 (2.5%)
Strongly agree	11 (27.5%)
Strongly disagree	2 (5.0%)
Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep
N-Miss	1
Neither agree nor disagree	2 (5.0%)
Somewhat agree	12 (30.0%)
Strongly agree	26 (65.0%)
Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality
N-Miss	1
Neither agree nor disagree	15 (37.5%)
Somewhat agree	12 (30.0%)
Somewhat disagree	1 (2.5%)
Strongly agree	9 (22.5%)
Strongly disagree	3 (7.5%)
Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits
N-Miss	1
Extremely confident	4 (10.0%)
Pretty confident	16 (40.0%)
Slightly confident	5 (12.5%)
Somewhat confident	15 (37.5%)
Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep
N-Miss	1
Extremely confident	3 (7.5%)
Not at all confident	7 (17.5%)
Pretty confident	8 (20.0%)
Slightly confident	14 (35.0%)
Somewhat confident	8 (20.0%)
Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly
N-Miss	1
Extremely confident	10 (25.0%)
Not at all confident	2 (5.0%)
Pretty confident	8 (20.0%)
Slightly confident	6 (15.0%)
Somewhat confident	14 (35.0%)
Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed
N-Miss	1
Extremely confident	5 (12.5%)
Not at all confident	9 (22.5%)
Pretty confident	5 (12.5%)
Slightly confident	9 (22.5%)
Somewhat confident	12 (30.0%)
Q37_whatdoyouconsideragoodnightssleep
N-Miss	1
No	25 (62.5%)
Yes	15 (37.5%)
Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Q50_2_attractivness
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
Q50_3_productivity
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)
Q50_7_caringforchildren
Median (Q1, Q3)	1.00 (1.00, 1.50)
Q53_1_getoutsidefor10mininthemorning
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (2.00, 5.00)
Q53_2_exerciseduringtheday
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)
Q53_3_doingabreathingexercisebeforesleep
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (2.00, 4.25)
Q53_4_notusescreens
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (2.00, 3.25)
Q53_5_listeningtoacalmingaudiobookorpodcast
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
information
N-Miss	2
Friends	1 (2.6%)
Health care professional	16 (41.0%)
News sources	1 (2.6%)
Other online source	5 (12.8%)
Social media	12 (30.8%)
University.wellbeing.resources..Office.of.Wellness.and.Health.Promotion	4 (10.3%)

attach(sleephygiene)

## The following objects are masked from sleephygiene (pos = 3):
## 
##     Alcohol.Consumption, Angry, bedtimeroutine, behaviors,
##     Brushing.teeth, cantsleepfeeling, Cigarette.Smoking,
##     Daytime.Napping, Daytime.Napping., DistributionChannel,
##     Drinking.Caffeinated.beverages, Duration..in.seconds., Exercise,
##     Family, Finished, Friends, Frustrated, Guilty,
##     Health.care.professional, ID, information, Journaling,
##     Listening.to.Music, LocationLatitude, LocationLongitude,
##     Meditating, News.sources, None.of.the.above, Other, Other.1,
##     Other.online.source, Phone.Usage, Progress, Q1, Q1_consent, Q10,
##     Q10_workdayhoursofsleep, Q11, Q11_weekendhoursofsleep, Q12_1,
##     Q12_1_howmanynightsusescreen, Q13, Q13_consistentwakeup, Q14_10,
##     Q14_10_new_hours, Q14_10_new_minutes, Q14_11, Q14_wakeuptime, Q15,
##     Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays, Q16_4, Q16_4_new_hours,
##     Q16_4_new_minutes, Q16_5, Q16_sleeptime, Q17, Q17_NPS_GROUP,
##     Q17_stressedaboutschool, Q18, Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness,
##     Q19, Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen, Q2, Q2_5_TEXT, Q2_program,
##     Q20, Q3, Q3_role, Q33,
##     Q33_whatisthrecommendednumbersofhoursofsleep, Q36, Q36_6_TEXT, Q37,
##     Q37_1, Q37_employed, Q37_whatdoyouconsideragoodnightssleep, Q38,
##     Q38_wfh, Q39, Q39_dayornight, Q4, Q4_gender, Q42, Q42_10_TEXT,
##     Q44_1,
##     Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep,
##     Q44_2, Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome, Q44_3,
##     Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine, Q44_4,
##     Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance, Q44_5,
##     Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy, Q44_6,
##     Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep, Q44_7,
##     Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep,
##     Q44_8, Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep, Q44_9,
##     Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality, Q48, Q48_5_TEXT,
##     Q49, Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid, Q5, Q5_age, Q5...Parent.Topics,
##     Q5...Topics, Q50_1, Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites, Q50_2,
##     Q50_2_attractivness, Q50_3, Q50_3_productivity, Q50_4,
##     Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals, Q50_5,
##     Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing, Q50_6,
##     Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships, Q50_7,
##     Q50_7_caringforchildren, Q52, Q53_1,
##     Q53_1_getoutsidefor10mininthemorning, Q53_2,
##     Q53_2_exerciseduringtheday, Q53_3,
##     Q53_3_doingabreathingexercisebeforesleep, Q53_4,
##     Q53_4_notusescreens, Q53_5,
##     Q53_5_listeningtoacalmingaudiobookorpodcast, Q59_1,
##     Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits, Q59_2,
##     Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep, Q59_3,
##     Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly, Q59_4, Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed, Q6,
##     Q6_numberinhousehold, Q7, Q7_children, Q8, Q8_3_TEXT, Q8_diagnosis,
##     Q9, Q9_howoftensleepy, Reading, Sad, Showering, Social.media,
##     Social.Media.Use, Stressed,
##     University.wellbeing.resources..Office.of.Wellness.and.Health.Promotion,
##     UserLanguage, Using.Sleep.Aids..ex..melatonin, Washing.my.face,
##     Watching.TV, X.Benedryl, X.etc., X.etc.., X.Tylenol.PM

Fig 1

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q3_role), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() + 
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Role")

Fig 2

ggplot(student) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q2_program), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("What is your current program at Bloomberg?")

Fig 3

ggplot(student) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q4_gender), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("What gender do you identify as?")

Fig 4

ggplot(student) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q37_employed), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Are you currently employed outside of your education program?")

Fig 5

ggplot(employed) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q38_wfh), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Do you work from home?")

Fig 6

ggplot(notworkfromhome) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q39_dayornight), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Do you work day or night shifts?")

Fig 7

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q7_children), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Are there children living in your household?")

Fig 8

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q8_diagnosis), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Have you ever been diagnosed with any of the following sleep disorders?")

Fig 9

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q9_howoftensleepy), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("How often do you feel sleepy during the day?")

Fig 10

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q13_consistentwakeup), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Do you have a consistent time you wake up on weekdays?")

Fig 11

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Do you have a consistent bedtime on weekdays?")

Fig 12

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Has your sleep quality changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic?")

Fig 13

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=bedtimeroutine), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("My bedtime routine includes")

Fig 14

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q17_stressedaboutschool), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("How stressed do you currently feel about school?")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

Fig 15

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=cantsleepfeeling), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("When you can't sleep do you feel")

Fig 16

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("How often do you practice mindfulness techniques? (i.e. breathing exercises, meditation, etc.,")

Fig 17

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=behaviors), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Which of the following behaviors do you participate in? Check all that apply. ")

Fig 18

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("The things I do in the last hour before bed affect the quality of my sleep.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Getting a good night's sleep is important to me.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Most of my friends have a healthy sleep routine.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Lack of sleep affects my academic performance.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Having a regular sleep routine improves mental clarity/sharpness.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("I feel positive about the quality of my sleep.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("I think cutting out screen use 1 hour before bed leads to better sleep.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("I think working out regularly leads to better sleep.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("I think meditating before bed helps sleep quality.")

Fig 19

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("I can maintain healthy sleep habits.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("I can cut out screen use 1 hour before bed.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("I can work out regularly.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("I can meditate before bed.")

Fig 20

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Energy for daily activities")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_2_attractivness), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Attractiveness (to self & others)")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_3_productivity), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Productivity at work/school")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Accomplishment of other daily goals (e.g. exercise, cooking, paying bills, etc)")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Mental and emotional wellbeing")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Fostering/maintaining relationships")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_7_caringforchildren), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Caring for children")

## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

Fig 21

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("I can maintain healthy sleep habits.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("I can cut out screen use 1 hour before bed.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("I can work out regularly.")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("I can meditate before bed.")

Fig 22

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=information), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  xlab("Where have you seen or received information about sleep quality or sleep hygiene? Check all that apply. ")